Is the second internal thoracic artery better than the radial artery in total arterial off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting? A propensity score-matched follow-up study

Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of patients exclusively undergoing total arterial revascularization off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting and to compare the performance of the radial artery and the right internal thoracic artery as a second conduit. Methods: We studied a consecutive series of 1700 patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, receiving a radial artery or right internal thoracic artery as a second graft for total arterial revascularization, between 2003 and 2010. A total of 1447 patients (85.11%) received bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting, and 253 patients (14.89%) received left internal thoracic artery and radial artery grafting. A propensity score-matched analysis was performed to compare the 2 groups, bilateral internal thoracic artery and left internal thoracic artery and radial artery, relative to overall survival, morbidity, and combined end points event-free survival. Hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by Cox regression. Results: In the full unmatched patient population, the postoperative survival (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.38-0.92; P = .021), incidence of reintervention/readmission (HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.28-0.61; P < .001), and combined end points (HR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.35-0.63; P < .001) were significantly better in the bilateral internal thoracic artery group. In the propensity score-matched patient population, the incidence of reintervention/readmission (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.18-0.88; P = .02) and combined end points (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.32-0.92; P = .02) were significantly better in the bilateral internal thoracic artery group compared with the left internal thoracic artery-radial artery group. Conclusions: The results of our study provide evidence for the superiority of the right internal thoracic artery graft compared with the radial artery as a second conduit in total arterial revascularization off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.