Characteristics and kinetics of degradation of polystyrene in supercritical water

The degradation of polystyrene (PS) in subor supercritical water was carried out at reaction temperatures ranging from 370 degrees C to 420 degrees C and pressures of 240 to 320 bar. At 370 degrees C, where water is in a subcritical state, the degradation was in equilibrium in about 5 min, whereas at 380 degrees C and 390 degrees C, where water is in a supercritical state, it was completed in 15 and 3 min, respectively. The equilibrium conversion in the supercritical state (100 wt %) was higher than that in the subcritical water (ca. 80 wt %). The dependence on time of selectivity for the degradation products-styrene monomer, styrene dimer, styrene trimer, toluene, ethyl benzene, isopropyl benzene, and triphenyl benzene-were investigated at 400 degrees C and 280 bar. As the reaction proceeded, selectivity for styrene monomers, dimers, and trimers decreased, whereas that for toluene, ethyl benzene, and isopropyl benzene increased because of the difficulty of decomposing the benzene rings and phenyl radicals. Triphenyl benzene increased with reaction time for the same reason. With increasing temperature, selectivity for the styrene monomers and dimers decreased slightly, whereas selectivity for toluene and ethyl benzene increased a little. The kinetic behavior of PS in supercritical water along with supercritical acetone and n-hexane were investigated. The degradation processes of PS in such supercritical fluids could be formulated by the first-order kinetic law at the initial stage of the reaction. The activation energy for the degradation in supercritical water was evaluated to be 157 kJ/mol compared to an activation energy of 132 kJ/mol in the supercritical n-hexane. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.