Consent and informed consent in perinatal and neonatal settings

It is commonly accepted in American law that an adult of sound mind has the right of self-determination, that is, the right to say what is to be done to his or her own body. This includes the right to accept and refuse treatment for most medical problems or disorders. During the perinatal period, the woman may be asked to submit to procedures and medications for herself and her fetus/neonate. Nurses must be sure that patients or parents have given valid consent to any type of touching done in the course of nursing care. Furthermore, nurses must be certain that women have given informed consent to the certified nurse-midwife, nurse practitioner, or physician for any treatments or procedures that have inherent risks. The article defines and describes the concepts of consent and informed consent and examines the roles and responsibilities of perinatal nurses in these processes.