Antiviral Effect of Fucoidan Extracted from the Brown Seaweed, Sargassum wightii, on Shrimp Penaeus monodon Postlarvae against White Spot Syndrome Virus

This study was carried out to determine the effect of seaweed polysaccharide, fucoidan from brown seaweed, Sargassum wightii, on Penaeus monodon postlarvae (PL) against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). The fucoidan was extracted from S. wightii, and the yield was observed as 2.832 +/- 0.204%. Artemia franciscana nauplii were enriched with extracted fucoidan at four different concentrations (100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/L) and fed to shrimp P. monodon PL for 20 d. After feeding experiment, the P. monodon PL were challenged with WSSV, and the mortality percentage was recorded daily up to 21 d. During the challenge test, the control PL showed 100% cumulative mortality within 9 d, but the fucoidan-enriched Artemia nauplii fed groups of PL exhibited 6094% cumulative mortality within 21 d. The reduction in mortality percentage of experimental groups of PL over control PL was ranged between 33.71 and 61.65%. The polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed the concentration-dependent variation in WSSV infection.