A varactor configuration minimizing the amplitude-to-phase noise conversion in VCOs

Amplitude-to-phase-noise conversion due to varactors can severely limit the close-in phase noise performance in LC-tuned oscillators. This work proposes a rigorous analysis of this phenomenon, which highlights the fundamental limitations of single-ended tuned and differentially tuned diode varactor configurations. The back-to-back varactor topology is identified as a suitable solution to linearize the tank capacitance. The amplitude to phase noise conversion is greatly attenuated and the 1/f(3) phase noise is drastically reduced, without impairing the achievable tuning range. These results are validated through circuit simulations in an existing 0.35-mu m CMOS technology.