2D and 3D simulations of an internal airlift loop reactor on the basis of a two-fluid model

Two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) simulations of an airlift reactor under steady state conditions at low gas flow rates are presented. The simulations are based on a two-fluid model with a k-epsilon model for the turbulence and as little as possible ad hoc closure terms. The results are compared with an one-dimensional mechanical energy balance and are found to be in good agreement. The 2D results show sensitivity to the gas inlet geometry: whether or not the gas is partially sparged into the liquid directly next to a wall affects the liquid velocity distribution and thereby the gas disengagement at the to of the airlift. The three-dimensional calculations make a more realistic geometry possible. The friction in the system is found to be about a factor of two larger in the 3D case at the same gas inlet conditions. For a given gas flow rate, the mean gas fraction in the riser is the same for the 2D and 3D simulations, the liquid circulation rate is about 30% higher in the 2D case than in the 3D one. A comparison is made with experimental data obtained in an airlift of the same dimensions. The simulated overall gas fraction is in agreement with the experimental findings. The simulated superficial velocity in the riser is compared to LDA data. For the lowest superficial velocities the LDA data coincide with the results from the 2D simulations. for higher gas flow rates the LDA results switch over towards the 3D results. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.