Phosphine-Functionalized Porous Materials for Catalytic Organic Synthesis

Phosphine ligands are of unique importance in catalysis, especially as ligands for transition metals. Homogeneous catalysis is by far the broadest application of phosphines in industrial processes. The heterogenization of phosphines is challenging even though it would appeal to the chemical industry as a valid strategy for recovery and reutilization. In this Review, we discuss approaches for the immobilization of phosphines through the synthesis of phosphine-functionalized porous polymers, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and porous organic polymers (POPs). We critically discuss the synthetic strategies for preparing monomers, linkers, and porous materials. We highlight the most successful applications of phosphine-based porous catalysts and correlate them with their properties, structure, and performance.