High polymer active functional groups can be grafted on the surface of carbon fibers so as to adjust the interface effect between fibers in the composite material and resin and improve the performance of composite material, by controlling the structure of grafted high polymer, the interface layer with intended performance can be well designed. The surface of carbon fiber has great influence on the nylon generated through in situ polymerization and modified nylon crystallization, and little transcrystallization on the surface will be formed when the fiber carbon without grafting; after grating of carbon fiber, large quantity of crystalline texture can be seen near the fiber, and the crystal with high density is helpful for the improvement of material performance.