Implementation of an Electronic Health Record-Based Care Management System to Improve Tobacco Treatment

BACKGROUND: Tobacco treatment is underused in primary care. We designed a Tobacco Care Management system to increase the delivery of treatment and reduce the burden on primary care providers (PCPs). A one-click functionality added to the electronic health record (EHR) allowed PCPs to refer smokers to a centralized tobacco treatment coordinator (TTC) who called smokers, provided brief counseling, connected them to ongoing treatment and gave feedback to PCPs. OBJECTIVE: To study the system's feasibility and acceptability among PCPs, and its utilization by smokers. DESIGN: Using a mixed methods design, we documented system utilization quantitatively from February 1, 2010 to July 31, 2011, and conducted two focus groups with PCPs in June 2011. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-six PCPs and 2,894 smokers from two community health centers in Massachusetts. MAIN MEASURES: Quantitative: One-click referral utilization by PCPs, proportion of smokers referred and connected to treatment. Qualitative: PCPs' reasons for use, barriers to use, and experiences with feedback. KEY RESULTS: Twenty-nine PCPs (81 %) used the functionality more than once, generating 466 referrals for 15 % of known smokers seen during the study. The TTC reached 260 (56 %) of the referrals and connected 135 (29 %) to additional treatment. The director of one center sent PCPs monthly feedback about their utilization compared to peers. These PCPs referred a greater proportion of their known smokers (18 % vs. 9 %, p < 0.0001) and reported that monthly feedback motivated referrals. PCPs attending focus groups (n = 24) appreciated the system's simplicity, access to updated resources, and time-efficient way to address smoking, and wanted more feedback about cessation outcomes. They collectively supported the system's continuation. CONCLUSIONS: A novel EHR-based Tobacco Care Management system was adopted by PCPs, especially those receiving performance feedback, and connected one-third of referred smokers to treatment. The model has the potential to improve the delivery and outcomes of evidence-based tobacco treatment in primary care.