Translational Optical Imaging

OBJECTIVE. Optical imaging is experiencing significant technologic advances. Simultaneously, an array of specific optical imaging agents has brought new capabilities to biomedical research and is edging toward clinical use. We review progress in the translation of macroscopic optical imaging-including fluorescence-guided surgery and endoscopy, intravascular fluorescence imaging, diffuse fluorescence and optical tomography, and multispectral optoacoustics (photoacoustics)-for applications ranging from tumor resection and assessment of atherosclerotic plaques to dermatologic and breast examinations. CONCLUSION. Optical imaging could play a major role in the move from imaging of structure and morphology to the visualization of the individual biologic processes underlying disease and could, therefore, contribute to more accurate diagnostics and improved treatment efficacy.