Clinical and Serological Biomarkers of Treatment's Response in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated Continuously with Interferonβ-1b for More than a Decade

Introduction: We evaluated the peripheral immune panel of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients treated for more than 10 years with interferon-beta 1b (IFN beta-1b) and aimed to identify possible biomarkers of treatment response. Material and Methods: Serum samples from 70 MS patients treated with IFN beta-1b more than a decade were analysed for 15 cytokines, that were correlated with the disability score, annual relapse ratio (ARR): the total number of relapses-ARR_0, relapse on treatment-ARR_1 and demographic data. Two groups were defined based on the levels of disability, calculated using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS): G1 - recurrent-remissive and G2 - secondary-progressive. Furthermore, we split the patients based on gender (G1_f, G1_m, G2_f, G2_m). Results: The ARR was reduced after treatment was instituted. We found positive correlations between IL_25 and EDSS in G1_f and G2_f, tumor necrosis factor alpha (INF alpha) and ARR_1 and ARR_0 in G1, and IL_17F with ARR_1. Negative correlations were for IL_25 and ARR _0 and ARR_1. SCD40L intensely positively correlated with IL_31 in G1 and G2. Conclusion: After more than a decade of treatment, IFN beta-1b offers good results by reducing relapses and slowing disability progression. Several biomarkers can be used to assess the patient's response. High levels of IL_17 and TNF alpha will indicate a more active form of the disease. IL-25 may exert a positive influence in male MS patients and should be considered for future studies, together with the co-modulation between sCD40L and IL_31. Our method allowed us to screen the peripheral immune panel and can be used for assessing the peripheral levels of the above-mentioned cytokines.