Diffusion-weighted 7.0T Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Assessment of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in Rats

Background: Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a major cause of disc protrusion, likely to be associated with decrease of water content. This research aimed to evaluate IDD by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with a 7.0 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine. Methods: A total of 24 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly selected and divided into four groups (A, B, C, and D), each consisting of 3 male and 3 female rats (28, 42, 56, and 70 days old, respectively). All the rats were imaged with a 7.0T MRI, producing T2WI, T1WI, and functional DWI sequences. Data were collected and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) charts were constructed. Nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus regions were identified, several regions of interest were chosen, and their ADC values were obtained. After imaging, rats were sacrificed and their intervertebral discs (L1-L6) were dissected, yielding a total of 144 discs. Protein was extracted for the purpose of Western blotting. Comparison among multiple samples used one-way analysis of variance and least significant difference methods. Results: 7.0T MRI revealed evident decrease in signal intensity within intervertebral discs of Sprague-Dawley rats with age. Intervertebral disc ADC values significantly decreased from Group A (0.00154 +/- 0.00008) to Group D (0.00107 +/- 0.00007; P < 0.01); nucleus pulposus ADC values significantly decreased from Group A (0.00164 +/- 0.00005) to Group D (0.00140 +/- 0.00007; P < 0.01) and annulus fibrosus ADC values significantly decreased from Group A (0.00129 +/- 0.00014) to Group D (0.00082 +/- 0.00012; P < 0.01). Meanwhile, it also revealed evident decrease from high spinal level to low spinal level: nucleus pulposus ADC values in Group A significantly decreased from L1/L2 (0.00163 +/- 0.00006) to L6/S1 (0.00139 +/- 0.00004; P < 0.01). While annulus fibrosus ADC values did not differ significantly between levels in Group A (P > 0.05). Western blotting showed that aggrecan content of intervertebral discs decreased from Group A (1.88 +/- 0.16) to Group D (0.17 +/- 0.04) with age (P < 0.01); Type II collagen content of intervertebral discs decreased from Group A (2.22 +/- 0.04) to Group D (0.20 +/- 0.01) with age (P < 0.01). No significant differences in aggrecan and Type II collagen content of L1-L6 intervertebral discs in Group A were noted (P > 0.05). Mean ADC values of different intervertebral regions were positively correlated with aggrecan and Type II collagen content (aggrecan: r = 0.631, P < 0.01; Type II collagen: r = 0.680, P < 0.01). Conclusion: 7.0T MRI-DWI could be applied to effectively diagnose and research early IDD in tiny variations.