Ultralow Threshold Cavity-Free Laser Induced by Total Internal Reflection

Total internal reflection is one of the most important phenomena when a propagated wave strikes a medium boundary, which possesses a wide range of applications spanning from optical communication to a fluorescence microscope. It has also been widely used to demonstrate conventional laser actions with resonant cavities. Recently, cavity-free stimulated emission of radiation has attracted great attention in disordered media because of several exciting physical phenomena, ranging from Anderson localization of light to speckle-free imaging. However, unlike conventional laser systems, the total internal reflection has never been implemented in the study of laser actions derived from randomly distributed media. Herein, we demonstrate an ultra-low threshold cavity-free laser system using air bubbles as scattering centers in which the total internal reflection from the surface of air bubbles can greatly reduce the leakage of the scattered beam energy and then enhance light amplification within a coherent closed loop. Our approach provides an excellent alternative for the manipulation of optical energy flow to achieve ultra-low threshold cavity-free laser systems, which should be very useful for the development of high performance optoelectronic devices.