Associations of serum uric acid level with diabetic retinopathy and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objectives To analyze the associations of serum uric acid (SUA) level with diabetic microvascular complications, including diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic nephropathy (DN), in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods Three hundred eighty-nine inpatients with type 2 DM were included in this retrospective analysis. Nonmydriatic fundus cameras were used to identify DR. Urinary albumin creatinine ratio was used to identify DN. Patients were divided into four groups according to SUA quartiles. Results The prevalences of DR and albuminuria increased with increasing SUA level. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, following adjustment for other risk factors, higher levels of SUA (Q3 and Q4) were associated with greater risk for DR, compared with the lower level (Q1) (odds ratio [OR]: 3.056, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.506-6.198; OR: 3.417, 95% CI: 1.635-7.139, respectively). Moreover, higher levels of SUA (Q2, Q3, and Q4) were associated with greater risk for albuminuria (OR: 2.418, 95% CI: 1.059-5.522; OR: 7.233, 95% CI: 3.145-16.635; and OR: 8.911, 95% CI: 3.755-21.147, respectively). Conclusions SUA level was independently associated with DR and albuminuria in patients with type 2 DM. Elevated SUA level might be predictive for the occurrence of DR and DN.