Diagnosis and Treatment of Myositis

被引:0
|
作者
Unger, L. [1 ]
机构
[1] Krankenhaus Dresden Friedrichstadt, Med Klin 1, Friedrichstr 41, D-01067 Dresden, Germany
关键词
idiopathische inflammatorische Myopathie; Dermatomyositis; Polymyositis; Einschlusskorperchenmyositis; Therapiestandards; dermatomyositis; polymyositis; inclusion body myositis; standard treatment; idiopathic inflammatory myopathy; INCLUSION-BODY MYOSITIS; IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHIES; INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN; JUVENILE DERMATOMYOSITIS; REFRACTORY POLYMYOSITIS; DISEASE-ACTIVITY; DOUBLE-BLIND; FOLLOW-UP; RITUXIMAB; ADULT;
D O I
10.1055/s-0041-108738
中图分类号
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要
Zusammenfassung In den letzten Jahren gelingt es durch den Nachweis differenzierender Antikorper, subtilere bildgebende und histopathologische Diagnostik immer besser, die idiopathischen inflammatorischen Myopathien (IIM) einzuordnen. Neben der Polymyositis (PM) und Dermatomyositis (DM) sowie Einschlusskorperchenmyositis (IBM) grenzt sich das Anti-Synthetase-Syndrom ab. Nach auslosenden Ursachen wie myotoxischen Substanzen sollte besonders bei der nekrotisierenden Myositis gesucht werden. Ein Malignom-Ausschluss muss bei deutlich erhohtem Risiko immer, insbesondere bei Nachweis von anti-TIF-1 gamma- und anti-NXP-2-Antikorpern erfolgen, dabei kann die Myositis dem Tumorleiden vorausgehen, sodass auch ein follow-up diesbezuglich erforderlich ist. Therapiestandard bleiben weiter die Glukokortikoide und Immunglobuline. Rituximab (RTX) stellt einen Meilenstein in der Therapie der schweren IIM dar. Auch wenn die RIM-Studie ihren primaren Endpunkt verfehlt hat, zeigt sie wie, die inzwischen vorliegenden zahlreichen Fallberichte und Fallserien mit gro ss en Patientenzahlen, das klare Ansprechen der meisten Patienten. Dabei benotigen viele Patienten nur einen Kurs (RTX), eine Reihe von Patienten erhalt Kurse in gro ss en Abstanden bei sehr guter Vertraglichkeit. In der Zukunft wird es noch besser gelingen, Subgruppen zu definieren und Responder und Nonresponder im Voraus zu erkennen. Auch fur die IBM zeichnen sich nach Nachweis des ersten Antikorpers und den ersten Daten zu Bimagrumab erfolgversprechende neue Therapieoptionen ab. Eine Herausforderung bleibt das Management von Infektionen, der Dysphagie, der schweren Organbeteiligung sowie der Multimorbiditat bei immer alter werdenden Patienten. Abstract The identification of differentiating antibodies and the use of more subtle imaging procedures and diagnostic histopathological procedures have allowed for idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) to be classified more accurately in the past few years. In addition to polymyositis, dermatomyositis and inclusion body myositis (IBM), the antisynthetase syndrome has been identified. Causative factors like myotoxic substances should be looked for especially in cases of necrotising myositis. Malignant diseases should always be ruled out in myositis patients, especially when anti-TIF1 gamma or anti-NXP-2 antibodies have been identified. As myositis may be a forerunner of a tumour, follow-up investigations are essentiell in this setting. Glucocorticoids and immunoglobulins still constitute the standard treatment for this condition. Rituximab (RTX) is a milestone in the treatment of severe IIM. Although the RIM study missed its primary endpoint, it has shown obvious responses in the majority of patients, as has also been demonstrated in several case reports and case series with large numbers of patients. Many patients need just one course of treatment (RTX). A number of patients receive several courses at large intervals and tolerate the treatment well. Subgroups will be defined even more specifically in the future, and it will be possible to differentiate responders from non-responders in advance. The detection of the first antibody and preliminary data on bimagrumab lead to the emergence of promising new treatment options for IBM. The management of infections, dysphagia, severe organ involvement and multimorbidity in an aging patient population continues to be a challenge in this context.
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页码:67 / 75
页数:9
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