Phyloecology of urban alien floras

被引:63
作者
Ricotta, Carlo [1 ]
La Sorte, Frank A. [2 ]
Pysek, Petr [3 ,4 ]
Rapson, G. L. [5 ]
Celesti-Grapow, Laura [1 ]
Thompson, Ken [6 ]
机构
[1] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Plant Biol, I-00185 Rome, Italy
[2] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
[3] Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Bot, Dept Invas Ecol, CZ-25243 Pruhonice, Czech Republic
[4] Charles Univ Prague, Dept Ecol, Fac Sci, CZ-12801 Prague 2, Czech Republic
[5] Massey Univ, Inst Nat Resources, Ecol Grp, Palmerston North, New Zealand
[6] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England
关键词
alien plants; archaeophyte; exotic; invasion; mean phylogenetic distance; neophyte; phylogenetic diversity; randomisation test; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; PHYLOGENETIC STRUCTURE; PLANT TRAITS; PATTERNS; INVASIONS; COMMUNITIES; SIMILARITY; VEGETATION; EVOLUTION; HABITATS;
D O I
10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01548.x
中图分类号
Q94 [植物学];
学科分类号
071001 ;
摘要
P> Understanding the mechanisms that affect invasion success of alien species is a major issue in current ecological research. Although many studies have searched for either functional or habitat attributes that drive invasion mechanisms, few researchers have addressed the role of phylogenetic diversity of alien species. Here, using data from 21 urban floras located in Europe and eight in the USA, we show that the phylogenetic diversity of alien species is significantly lower than that of native species, both at the continental scale and at the scale of single cities. Second, we show that if archaeophytes and neophytes (non-native species introduced into Europe before and after AD 1500, respectively) are analysed separately, archaeophytes show lower phylogenetic diversity than neophytes, while the phylogenetic structure of neophytes is indistinguishable from a random sample of species from the entire species pool. Our results suggest that urban aliens are subject to environmental filters that constrain their phylogenetic diversity, although these filters act more strongly upon archaeophytes than neophytes. Synthesis. Despite the huge taxonomic diversity of plants imported into European and American cities, the strong environmental filters imposed by cities constrain the functional diversity of urban floras, which is reflected in their generally low phylogenetic diversity. Urban alien floras are mainly composed of phylogenetically related species that are well adapted to anthropogenic habitats, although these filters are stronger for species groups with longer residence times.
引用
收藏
页码:1243 / 1251
页数:9
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