Selected Environmental Impacts of Forest Harvesting Operations with Varying Degree of Mechanization

被引:31
作者
Labelle, Eric R. [1 ]
Lemmer, Kevin J. [1 ]
机构
[1] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Ecol & Ecosyst Management, Hans Carl von Carlowitz Pl 2, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany
关键词
forest operations; sustainable forestry; close-to-nature; environmental impacts; greenhouse gas emissions; GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; WOOD; CONSUMPTION; MANAGEMENT; INVENTORY; ROUNDWOOD; ENERGY; LCA;
D O I
10.5552/crojfe.2019.537
中图分类号
S7 [林业];
学科分类号
0829 ; 0907 ;
摘要
Climate change affects forest ecosystems, impacting timber production and eco-services. Conversely, sustainable forest management has been identified as a means to help mitigate carbon dioxide emissions, a greenhouse gas and contributor to climate change, while also maximizing multiuse benefits through close-to-nature silviculture. In this study, a life cycle assessment was performed on forest harvesting operations at three research sites to provide real-world understanding of the selected environmental impacts associated with harvesting systems typical of Germany: motor-manual (chainsaw and forest tractor), semi-mechanized (single-grip harvester, chainsaw, and forwarder), and fully-mechanized (single-grip harvester and forwarder). Environmental impact categories assessed included greenhouse gas emissions, particulate matter emissions, and non-renewable energy consumption. Results from the three research sites were estimated on a machine basis. The semi-mechanized system resulted in the lowest environmental impact, the majority of which was attributed to felling and processing operations. Next, the environmental impacts were estimated for a complete rotation period and compared amongst the different harvesting systems. According to results, semi-mechanized harvesting systems had the lowest impact over the full rotation period as well as for thinning treatments when compared to motor-manual and fully-mechanized systems. The fully-mechanized system performed the best for final felling treatments. Considering variability between the research sites as well as the system boundary assessed, a diversified approach to harvesting operations may be considered, integrating semi-mechanized and fully-mechanized systems for different treatments throughout the rotation period.
引用
收藏
页码:239 / 257
页数:19
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