Security Risk Management in Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

The automotive industry is maximizing cooperative interactions between vehicular sensors and infrastructure components to make intelligent decisions in its application (i.e., traffic management, navigation, or autonomous driving services). This cooperative behaviour also extends to security. More connected and cooperative components of vehicular intelligent transportation systems (ITS) result in an increased potential for malicious attacks that can negatively impact security and safety. The security risks in one architecture layer affect other layers of ITS; thus, cooperation is essential for secure operations of these systems. This paper presents results from a comprehensive literature review on the state-of-the-art of security risk management in vehicular ITS, evaluating its assets, threats/risks, and countermeasures. We examine these security elements along the dimensions of the perception, network, and application architecture layers of ITS. The study reveals gaps in ITS security risk management research within these architecture layers and provides suggestions for future research.