Assessment Methods of Network Resilience for Cyber-Human-Physical Systems

Cyber-human-physical systems are deeply intertwined systems of physical components, cyber components, and human activities. Cyber components provide communication and control to the physical systems. In addition, human activities can affect or be affected by the behaviors of cyber and physical components. Modern critical infrastructures are a perfect example of such systems. Specifically, physical infrastructures (e.g., power grid, transportation) rely heavily on cyber infrastructures [e.g., supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system] for control and monitoring. Also, humans interact with critical infrastructures in a complex way such that the resilience of critical infrastructures can be heavily affected by human activities. Indeed, critical infrastructures can suffer as a result of both large-scale events such as natural disasters and all kinds of other types of events such as cyber attacks and human operational errors. Therefore, the modeling and analysis of such complex systems are desirable. Such complex systems and their behavior can be modeled appropriately by networks for the purpose of assessing their key attributes, such as resilience. This paper provides an in-depth review of the network modeling and analysis approaches for cyber-human-physical systems. The focus of this paper is critical infrastructures, while the reviewed approaches can also be applied in other application domains. (C) 2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.