6:2 and 8:2 Fluorotelomer Alcohol Anaerobic Biotransformation in Digester Sludge from a WWTP under Methanogenic Conditions

被引:145
作者
Zhang, Shu [1 ]
Szostek, Bogdan [2 ]
McCausland, Patricia K. [2 ]
Wolstenholme, Barry W. [2 ]
Lu, Xiaoxia [1 ]
Wang, Ning [2 ]
Buck, Robert C. [2 ]
机构
[1] Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Minist Educ, Lab Earth Surface Proc, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China
[2] EI du Pont de Nemours & Co Inc, Haskell Global Ctr Hlth & Environm Sci, Newark, DE 19714 USA
基金
中国国家自然科学基金;
关键词
AEROBIC BIOTRANSFORMATION; POLYFLUOROALKYL SUBSTANCES; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; BIODEGRADATION; FATE; SOIL;
D O I
10.1021/es4000824
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
6:2 FTOH and 8:2 FTOH [FTOHs, F(CF2)(n)CH2CH2OH, n = 6, 8] are the principal polyfluorinated raw materials used to manufacture FTOH-based products, which may be released to WWTPs during their product life cycle. For the first time, anaerobic biotransformation of FTOHs and key biotransformation intermediates in WWTP digester sludge under methanogenic conditions was investigated. 6:2 FTOH was transformed to 6:2 FTCA, [F(CF2)(6)CH2COOH, 32-43 mol %], 6:2 FTUCA [F(CF2)(5)CF=CHCOOH, 1.8-8.0 mol %], and 5:3 acid [F(CF2)(5)CH(2)CH(2)COQH, 18-23 mol 96] by day 90 and day 176 in two separate studies. 8:2 FTOH was transformed by day 181 to 8:2 FTCA (18 mol %), 8:2 FTUCA (5.1 mol %), and 7:3 acid (27 mol %). 6:2 and 8:2 FTOH anaerobic biotransformation led to low levels of perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA, <= 0.4 mol %) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, 0.3 mol %), respectively. 6:2 FTUCA anaerobic biotransformation led to a newly identified novel transient intermediate 3-fluoro 5:3 acid [F(CF2)(5)CFHCH2COOH] and 5:3 acid, but not 5:2 sFTOH [F(CF2)(5)CH(OH)CH3] and alpha-OH 5:3 acid [F(CF2)(5)CH2CH(OH)COOH], two precursors leading to PFPeA (perfluoropentanoic acid) and PFHxA. Thus, FTOH anaerobic biotransformation pathways operated by microbes in the environment was likely inefficient at shortening carbon chains of FTOHs to form PFCAs (perfluorinated carboxylic acids). These results imply that anaerobic biotransformation of FTOH-based products may produce polyfluorinated acids, but is not likely a major source of PFCAs detected in anaerobic environmental matrices such as anaerobic digester sludge, landfill leachate, and anaerobic sediment under methanogenic conditions.
引用
收藏
页码:4227 / 4235
页数:9
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