In vivo and in vitro antidiabetic potential of Taraxacum officinale root extracts

Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg (Asteraceae) root is traditionally used to treat diabetes, dyspepsia, heartburn, anorexia and hepatitis. In this work, petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts of T. officinale root were evaluated for their antidiabetic activity in normoglycemic and alloxan-induced diabetic mice at two concentrations (200 and 400 mg/kg) using antidiabetic and subcutaneous glucose tolerance tests. Herein, in vitro glucose uptake assay was performed using HepG2 and 2-NDBG, while LC-MS/MS was employed for the phytochemical study of the main active constituents in the active extract. In the experiments, T. officinale root aqueous extract (400 mg/kg) showed a significant decrement in blood glucose level (62.33%, p <= 0.05), while other extracts (p>0.05) showed insignificant activity - in alloxan-induced diabetic mice with no apparent effect on the normoglycemic model. The extracts also showed an insignificant reduction in glucose levels (p>0.05) in the subcutaneous glucose tolerance test. However, a significant glucose uptake enhancement (149.6724%, p <= 0.05) was exhibited by the aqueous extract. Phytochemical study of the aqueous extract showed higher total phenolic than total flavonoid content, in which chlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid, and luteolin-7-glucoside were identified.