Sleep Disorders Accompanying Migraine and Tension Headaches

Objective: This study aimed to investigate sleep disorders in patients with episodic migraines and tension-type headaches. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted between June 15, 2019, and December 15, 2019, at the neurology clinics of two different tertiary hospitals. The study included 100 healthy volunteers, 102 patients with episodic migraine, and 105 patients with episodic tension-type headache. All participants were assessed using Beck Depression inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety inventory (BM), Epworth Sleepiness scale (ESS), Berlin Questionnaire, Insomnia Severity index (ISI), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality index (PSQI). The presence and severity of Restless Legs syndrome (RLS) were evaluated according to the International RLS Study Group criteria. Results: Patients with migraine and tension headaches had significantly higher BDI, BAI, ESS, ISI, and total PSQI scores compared with the control group. According to the Berlin Questionnaire, 8% of the healthy controls, 20.6% of patients with migraine, and 11.4% of patients with tension headache were at high risk for Sleep Apnea syndrome. RLS criteria were met by 3% of healthy controls, 9.8% of patients with migraine, and 6.7% of patients with tension headache. Subjective sleep quality, sleep disturbance, and daytime dysfunction scores were significantly higher in patients with migraine compared with those with tension headache. By contrast, sleep latency and sleep efficiency scores were significantly higher in patients with tension headache compared with those with migraine. Conclusion: The study results indicated that migraines and tension-type headaches have varying effects on sleep. Hence, for each of the headache types, sleep disorders should be examined under a broad spectrum, and each sleep disorder should be investigated separately.