Tic-Related Versus Tic-Free Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Clinical Picture and 2-Year Natural Course

被引:25
作者
de Vries, Froukje E. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Cath, Danielle C. [4 ,5 ]
Hoogendoorn, Adriaan W. [1 ,2 ]
van Oppen, Patricia [1 ]
Glas, Gerrit [6 ]
Veltman, Dick J. [1 ,2 ]
van den Heuvel, Odile A. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
van Balkom, Anton J. L. M. [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Amsterdam, Netherlands
[2] GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, Netherlands
[3] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Med Ctr, Dept Anat & Neurosci, VUmc 02 Bldg,De Boelelaan 1108, NL-1081 HZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
[4] Altrecht Acad Anxiety Ctr, Utrecht, Netherlands
[5] Univ Utrecht, Dept Clin & Hlth Psychol, Utrecht, Netherlands
[6] Dimence Mental Hlth Care, Almelo, Netherlands
关键词
AGE-OF-ONSET; SYMPTOM DIMENSIONS; TOURETTES-SYNDROME; TREATMENT RESPONSE; FOLLOW-UP; COMORBIDITY; PREDICTORS; OCD; FEATURES; AUTISM;
D O I
10.4088/JCP.14m09736
中图分类号
B849 [应用心理学];
学科分类号
040203 ;
摘要
Objective: The tic-related subtype of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has a distinct clinical profile. The course of tic-related OCD has previously been investigated in treatment studies, with inconclusive results. This study aimed to compare clinical profiles between tic-related and tic-free OCD patients and to establish the influence of tics on the 2-year natural course in adult OCD patients. Methods: Within the Netherlands OCD Association cohort, 377 patients with a current DSM-IV diagnosis of OCD were divided into a tic-related group (28%) and a tic-free group and compared on clinical variables with t tests or chi(2) tests. Linear mixed-model analyses were used to compare the 2-year course between the groups, with the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) as primary outcome measure. Data were collected from 2005 to 2007 and from 2007 to 2009. Results: Compared to patients with tic-free OCD, those with tic-related OCD reported earlier disease onset (P = .009) and more symmetry/ordering symptoms (P = .002). Overall symptom severity was similar in both groups. Patients with tic-related OCD reported increased traits of attention-deficit hyperactivity (P < .001) and autism (P = .005) compared to the tic-free OCD group. Clinical improvement at 2-year follow-up (mean = 5.3-point decrease on the Y-BOCS, P < .001, 95% CI = 4.3 to 6.3) was not significantly moderated by tic status (P = .24). This remained unchanged after correcting for baseline differences. Conclusions: Tics do not critically affect the 2-year course of adult OCD, but tic-related OCD shows differences from tic-free OCD, such as early onset and increased autism and ADHD traits, that may indicate a neurodevelopmental subtype. (C) Copyright 2016 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.
引用
收藏
页码:E1240 / +
页数:15
相关论文
共 64 条
  • [1] Age of onset in obsessive-compulsive disorder: admixture analysis with a large sample
    Anholt, G. E.
    Aderka, I. M.
    van Balkom, A. J. L. M.
    Smit, J. H.
    Schruers, K.
    van der Wee, N. J. A.
    Eikelenboom, M.
    De Luca, V.
    van Oppen, P.
    [J]. PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE, 2014, 44 (01) : 185 - 194
  • [2] Autism and ADHD Symptoms in Patients with OCD: Are They Associated with Specific OC Symptom Dimensions or OC Symptom Severity?
    Anholt, Gideon E.
    Cath, Danielle C.
    van Oppen, Patricia
    Eikelenboom, Merijn
    Smit, Johannes H.
    van Megen, Harold
    van Balkom, Anton J. L. M.
    [J]. JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS, 2010, 40 (05) : 580 - 589
  • [3] [Anonymous], TOURETTE SYNDROME
  • [4] The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ): Evidence from Asperger syndrome/high-functioning autism, males and females, scientists and mathematicians
    Baron-Cohen, S
    Wheelwright, S
    Skinner, R
    Martin, J
    Clubley, E
    [J]. JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS, 2001, 31 (01) : 5 - 17
  • [5] AN INVENTORY FOR MEASURING CLINICAL ANXIETY - PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES
    BECK, AT
    BROWN, G
    EPSTEIN, N
    STEER, RA
    [J]. JOURNAL OF CONSULTING AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, 1988, 56 (06) : 893 - 897
  • [6] AN INVENTORY FOR MEASURING DEPRESSION
    BECK, AT
    ERBAUGH, J
    WARD, CH
    MOCK, J
    MENDELSOHN, M
    [J]. ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY, 1961, 4 (06) : 561 - &
  • [7] Bejerot S, 2001, NORD J PSYCHIAT, V55, P169
  • [8] An autistic dimension - A proposed subtype of obsessive-compulsive disorder
    Bejerot, Susanne
    [J]. AUTISM, 2007, 11 (02) : 101 - 110
  • [9] LONG-TERM OUTCOME IN ADULTS WITH OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER
    Bloch, Michael H.
    Green, Christy
    Kichuk, Stephen A.
    Dombrowski, Philip A.
    Wasylink, Suzanne
    Billingslea, Eileen
    Landeros-Weisenberger, Angeli
    Kelmendi, Benjamin
    Goodman, Wayne K.
    Leckman, James F.
    Coric, Vladimir
    Pittenger, Christopher
    [J]. DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY, 2013, 30 (08) : 716 - 722
  • [10] Predictors of Early Adult Outcomes in Pediatric-Onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
    Bloch, Michael H.
    Craiglow, Brittany G.
    Landeros-Weisenberger, Angeli
    Dombrowski, Philip A.
    Panza, Kaitlyn E.
    Peterson, Bradley S.
    Leckman, James F.
    [J]. PEDIATRICS, 2009, 124 (04) : 1085 - 1093