Interleukin-6 levels in female rats with protamine sulfate-induced chronic cystitis treated with hyaluronic acid

ObjectivesTo measure interleukin-6 levels in a protamine sulfate-induced chronic cystitis rat model treated with hyaluronic acid, and to study the correlation among interleukin-6, bladder inflammatory degree and voiding frequency. MethodsA chronic cystitis model was created in female rats by using long-term intermittent intravesical protamine sulfate (0.5mL, 30mg/mL). Then, hyaluronic acid (0.5mL, 0.8mg/mL) was also instilled intravesically in the rats. Interleukin-6 levels were analyzed with immunohistochemistry, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was carried out to examine bladder inflammatory degree based on a four-point scoring system (from 0 - none to 3 - severe). Voiding patterns were investigated by cystometrography. ResultsAccording to cystometrography, protamine sulfate-induced rats had significantly shorter intercontraction intervals and less bladder capacity (P<0.001). The bladder tissue of the rats showed severe chronic inflammation. Immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed significantly higher expression of interleukin-6 (P<0.001). After intravesical administration of hyaluronic acid, both intercontraction intervals and bladder capacity increased significantly (P<0.001), whereas both bladder inflammatory degree and interleukin-6 levels decreased significantly (P<0.001). Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between interleukin-6 levels and inflammatory degree (r=0.727, P<0.001), and also between interleukin-6 levels and voiding frequency (r=-0.761, P<0.001). ConclusionsIntravesical administration of hyaluronic acid decreases interleukin-6 levels, as well as the severity of bladder inflammation and voiding frequency in a rat model of chronic cystitis. Interleukin-6 levels closely correlate with the inflammatory degree and voiding frequency. Thus, they can be regarded as an assessment measure of therapeutic impact.