Type-D Personality and Cortisol in Survivors of Acute Coronary Syndrome

Objective: To test the hypothesis that Type-D personality is associated with elevated cortisol levels in patients 4 months after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: Salivary cortisol profiles were measured at home in 70 coronary heart disease patients (Mean age = 60.90 years, SID = 10.7, 17% female) 4 months after hospitalization for ACS. Eight saliva samples were taken over the course of I day. Results: Thirty eight percent of the ACS patients were defined as Type-D. Cortisol profiles showed a typical diurnal pattern, with low levels in the evening, high levels early in the day. Type-D was not related to the cortisol awakening response, but cortisol output the day was higher in Type-D (mean = 4443.3, SD = 2334.1 nmol/1) than non Type-D patients (mean = 3252.0, SD = 1810.2 nmot/1) after adjustment for age, gender, hypertension, Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events risk score, recurrence of cardiac symptoms, previous myocardial infarction, body mass index and concurrent depressed mood) =.044). Type-D personality accounted for 6% over the variance in cortisol Output over the day, after covariates had been taken into account. Conclusion: Type-D personality may be associated with prolonged disruption of the liypothalainic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in survivors of acute cardiac events and may contribute to biological responses influencing future cardiac morbidity.