Potassium fertilizer and irrigation management in the progress of fungal diseases and yield of watermelon

Potassium fertilizer and irrigation management in the progress of fungal diseases and yield of watermelon Among the major diseases of watermelon, gummy stem blight (Didymella bryoniae) and downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) stand out because they cause great losses in productivity and fruit quality. To investigate the influence of potassium fertilization on the progress of gummy stem blight and yield of watermelon and the influence of the water depth and the interval of irrigation in the progress of mildew, two assays were carried out under field conditions in Gurupi, Tocantins state, Brazil, in 2009 and 2010. The assay I was carried out in blocks and the treatments consisted of three doses of potassium applied (0, 50 and 100 kg/ha using KCl) and 12 replications. We evaluated the severity of gummy stem blight through a scale and the production data and fruit quality. In the assay II, we used a randomized complete block design with four replications in a factorial 3 x 3, three irrigation levels (100, 300 and 500 mm of water during the crop cycle) and three irrigation intervals. We evaluated the severity of downy mildew addition, the production and fruit quality. Doses of potassium did not affect the progress of gummy stem blight and the number, weight and fruit quality. The irrigation applied influenced the progress of downy mildew. Higher levels of severity of downy mildew were observed in plants cultivated under irrigation with levels of 500 mm of water. The amount of water applied also significantly influenced the production and fruit quality. We observed the presence of more crooked or deformed fruits in plants kept under water using a level of 100 mm. The highest total and marketable yield were obtained in plants irrigated with the level of 500 mm of water.