A method of revealing and estimation of hardening and softening processes in iron electrodeposits at wear process by their sliding friction is proposed. The contribution of hardening and softening processes to wear resistance values can be estimated by the law of variation in values of relative deviations of neighboring units of a statistical ensemble of wear resistance values. It is established that, at the wear process of alloys of iron electrodeposits, the contribution of hardening and softening processes to the wear resistance depends on the alloy composition and test load. At the wear process of composites based on iron with particles of aluminum oxide and with a concentration close to the optimum composition, the contribution of hardening and softening processes is characterized by cyclic recurrence and depends on the load at the interface.