Persistent near-tropical warmth on the Antarctic continent during the early Eocene epoch

被引:229
作者
Pross, Joerg [1 ,2 ]
Contreras, Lineth [1 ]
Bijl, Peter K. [3 ]
Greenwood, David R. [4 ]
Bohaty, Steven M. [5 ]
Schouten, Stefan [6 ]
Bendle, James A. [7 ]
Roehl, Ursula [8 ]
Tauxe, Lisa [9 ,39 ]
Raine, J. Ian [10 ]
Huck, Claire E. [11 ]
van de Flierdt, Tina [11 ,41 ]
Jamieson, Stewart S. R. [12 ]
Stickley, Catherine E. [13 ,37 ]
van de Schootbrugge, Bas [1 ]
Escutia, Carlota [14 ]
Brinkhuis, Henk [3 ]
Dotti, Carlota Escutia [15 ]
Klaus, Adam [16 ]
Fehr, Annick [17 ]
Williams, Trevor [18 ]
Bendle, James A. P. [19 ]
Carr, Stephanie A. [20 ]
Dunbar, Robert B. [21 ]
Gonzalez, Jhon J. [15 ]
Hayden, Travis G. [22 ]
Iwai, Masao [23 ]
Jimenez-Espejo, Francisco J. [24 ,44 ]
Katsuki, Kota [25 ]
Kong, Gee Soo [26 ]
McKay, Robert M. [27 ]
Nakai, Mutsumi [28 ]
Olney, Matthew P. [29 ]
Passchier, Sandra [30 ]
Pekar, Stephen F. [31 ]
Pross, Jorg [32 ,33 ]
Riesselman, Christina R. [21 ,45 ]
Rohl, Ursula [34 ]
Sakai, Toyosaburo [35 ]
Shrivastava, Prakash K. [36 ]
Stickley, Catherine E. [13 ,37 ]
Sugisaki, Saiko [38 ,46 ]
Tauxe, Lisa [9 ,39 ]
Tuo, Shouting [40 ]
van de Flierdt, Tina [11 ,41 ]
Welsh, Kevin [42 ]
Yamane, Masako [43 ]
机构
[1] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Geosci, Paleoenvironm Dynam Grp, Altenhoferallee 1, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
[2] Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany
[3] Univ Utrecht, Inst Environm Biol, Lab Palaeobot & Palynol, NL-3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands
[4] Brandon Univ, Dept Biol, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada
[5] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England
[6] NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Dept Marine Organ Biogeochem, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands
[7] Univ Glasgow, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Glasgow Mol Organ Geochem Lab, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland
[8] Univ Bremen, MARUM Ctr Marine Environm Sci, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
[9] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
[10] GNS Sci, Dept Paleontol, Lower Hutt 6009, New Zealand
[11] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England
[12] Univ Durham, Sci Labs, Dept Geog, Durham DH1 3LE, England
[13] Univ Tromso, Dept Geol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway
[14] Inst Andaluz Ciencias Tierra, Granada 18100, Spain
[15] CSIC Univ Granada, Inst Andaluz Ciencias Tierra, Campus Fuentenueva S N, Granada 18002, Spain
[16] Texas A&M Univ, Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, United States Implementing Org, 1000 Discovery Dr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA
[17] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Appl Geophys & Geothermal Energy, Mathieustrass 6, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
[18] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ Columbia Univ, Borehole Res Grp, POB 1000,61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA
[19] Univ Glasgow, Geog & Earth Sci, Glasgow G128QQ, Lanark, Scotland
[20] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA
[21] Stanford Univ, Dept Environm Earth Syst Sci, 325 Braun Hall,Bldg 320, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
[22] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Geol, 1187 Rood Hall,1903 W Michigan Ave, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA
[23] Kochi Univ, Dept Nat Sci, 2-5-1 Akebono cho, Kochi 7808520, Japan
[24] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Inst Res Earth Evolut, Natsushima Cho 2-15, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan
[25] Kochi Univ, Marine Ctr Adv Core Res, B200 Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 7838502, Japan
[26] Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Petr & Marine Res Div, 30 Gajeong Dong, Daejeon 305350, South Korea
[27] Victoria Univ Wellington, Antarctic Res Ctr, POB 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
[28] Daito Bunka Univ, Dept Educ, Itabashi Ku, 1-9-1 Takashima Daira, Tokyo 1758571, Japan
[29] Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA
[30] Montclair State Univ, Earth & Environm Studies, 252 Mallory Hall,1 Normal Ave, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA
[31] Queens Coll, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367 USA
[32] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Geosciences, Paleoenvironmental Dynam Grp, Altenhoferallee 1, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
[33] Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany
[34] Univ Bremen, MARUM, Ctr Marine Environm Sci, Leobener Strasse, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
[35] Utsunomiya Univ, Dept Geol, 350 Mine Machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 3218505, Japan
[36] Geol Survey India, Antarct Div, NH5P, NIT, Faridabad 121001, Harlyana, India
[37] Univ Tromso, Dept Geol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway
[38] Grad Univ Adv Study, Dept Polar Sci, 10-3 Midori Cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 1908518, Japan
[39] Univ Calif, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92093 USA
[40] Tongji Univ, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci, 1239 Spring Rd, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China
[41] Imperial Coll London, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England
[42] Univ Queensland, Sch Earth Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia
[43] Univ Tokyo, Earth & Planetary Sci, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
[44] CSIC Univ Granada, Inst Andaluz Ciencias Tierra, Armilla, Granada 18100, Spain
[45] Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Natl Ctr, US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA
[46] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Frontier Bldg 4F,2-15 Natsushima Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan
基金
美国国家科学基金会; 加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会; 英国自然环境研究理事会;
关键词
TERRESTRIAL PALEOCLIMATE; POLAR FORESTS; RECONSTRUCTIONS; SENSITIVITY; CLIMATES;
D O I
10.1038/nature11300
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
The warmest global climates of the past 65 million years occurred during the early Eocene epoch (about 55 to 48 million years ago), when the Equator-to-pole temperature gradients weremuch smaller than today(1,2) and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels were in excess of one thousand parts per million by volume(3,4). Recently the early Eocene has received considerable interest because it may provide insight into the response of Earth's climate and biosphere to the high atmospheric carbon dioxide levels that are expected in the near future(5) as a consequence of unabated anthropogenic carbon emissions(4,6). Climatic conditions of the early Eocene 'greenhouse world', however, are poorly constrained in critical regions, particularly Antarctica. Here we present a well-dated record of early Eocene climate on Antarctica from an ocean sediment core recovered off the Wilkes Land coast of East Antarctica. The information from biotic climate proxies (pollen and spores) and independent organic geochemical climate proxies (indices based on branched tetraether lipids) yields quantitative, seasonal temperature reconstructions for the early Eocene greenhouse world on Antarctica. We show that the climate in lowland settings along the Wilkes Land coast (at a palaeolatitude of about 70 degrees south) supported the growth of highly diverse, near-tropical forests characterized by mesothermal to megathermal floral elements including palms and Bombacoideae. Notably, winters were extremely mild (warmer than 10 degrees C) and essentially frost-free despite polar darkness, which provides a critical new constraint for the validation of climate models and for understanding the response of high-latitude terrestrial ecosystems to increased carbon dioxide forcing.
引用
收藏
页码:73 / 77
页数:5
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