Liquid Metals in High-Temperature Cooling Systems: The Effect of Bi Additions for the Physicochemical Properties of Eutectic Ga-Sn-Zn

Nontoxic alloys with low melting temperatures are an interesting group of materials with many possible applications, among them as cooling liquids in different technologies, including computer chips, Li-ion batteries, and in nuclear reactors. This study focuses on Ga-Sn-Zn-based alloys with 0.09, 0.17, 0.35, 0.71, and 1.8 atom % additions of Bi, which could be suitable materials in the thermal management of various systems. This work presents the temperature dependence of thermal conductivity, as well as other properties crucial for liquid metal coolants, such as density, viscosity, surface tension, electrical conductivity, and thermoelectric power.