Cognitive Measurements: a New Paradigm of Measurement Science

A new paradigm of measurement science Cognitive Measurements is discussed. An approach of Russian metrological school is presented; it considers measurements as cognitive processes together with judgments, reasoning and computations. Basic principles of organizing cognitive measurements are proposed. The problem of creating cognitive and understanding sensors is formulated; such sensors should be able to automatically make transitions from data to information and from information to knowledge and meta-knowledge. The definition of cognitive sensor is suggested by giving its three main capacities: measurement of quantitative values of object parameters, their pragmatic evaluation and visualization of obtained data. The logical-algebraic method of interpreting measurement results is proposed, both logical pragmatics and pragmatic logics together with product lattices are envisaged. Basic logical scales and logical worlds to represent measurement pragmatics are constructed. Colored Hasse diagrams for three-valued and four-valued logical pragmatics, based of color metaphor for many-valued logics, are introduced. Some interpretations and logical-graphic pragmatics for minimal-valued cognitive sensors are developed. Logical analysis of measurement results obtained by sensor networks is performed too.