Applications of Novel Carbon Nanomaterials-Graphene and Its Derivatives in Biosensing

Nanotechnology for bio-detection is a new important research field combining nanoscience, biochemistry and diagnostic techniques. Graphene has triple functions of constructing probe molecules, signal transfer and signal amplification due to its remarkable electronic, optical, thermal, chemical and mechanical properties, which make it a promise material for ultrasensitive nanomaterial based biosensors. Rapid electron transfer and manipulable multi-functionalized surface chemistry make it realize accurate and selective detection of biomolecules. Graphene and its nanocomposites are used in the preparation of biosensor gradually. This review focuses on recent advances of graphene and its derivatives in applications of biosensing, including various materials for modifying graphene, the direct electron transfer of various bioelectroactive substances on graphene and graphene in enzymatic biosensors, immunobiosensors, gene biosensors and detection of small biomolecules.