Formulation and statistical optimization of gastric floating alginate/oil/chitosan capsules loading procyanidins: in vitro and in vivo evaluations

The aim of the present work was to develop gastric floating capsules containing oil-entrapped beads loading procyanidins. The floating beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation method using sodium alginate, CaCl2 and chitosan. The effect of three independent parameters (concentration of sodium alginate, CaCl2 and chitosan) on entrapment efficiency were analyzed by Box-Behnken design. The floating beads were evaluated for surface morphology, particle size, density, entrapment efficiency, buoyancy, release behavior in vitro and floating ability in vivo. The prepared beads were grossly spherical in shape and the mean size was approximately 1.54 +/- 0.17 mm. The density was 0.97 g/cm(3). And the optimal conditions were as follows: concentration of sodium alginate, CaCl2 and chitosan were 33.75 mg/mL, 9.84 mg/mL and 9.05 mg/mL, respectively. The optimized formulation showed entrapment efficiency of 88.84 +/- 1.04% within small error-value (0.65). The release mechanism of floating capsules followed Korsmeyer-Peppas model (r(2) = 0.9902) with non-Fickian release. The gastric floating capsules exhibited 100% floating percentage in vitro and they could float on the top of gastric juice for 5 h in vivo. Therefore, the floating capsules are able to prolong the gastroretentive delivery of procyanidins. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.