Genome-wide association study of serum coenzyme Q10 levels identifies susceptibility loci linked to neuronal diseases

Coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) is a lipophilic redox molecule that is present in membranes of almost all cells in human tissues. CoQ(10) is, amongst other functions, essential for the respiratory transport chain and is a modulator of inflammatory processes and gene expression. Rare monogenetic CoQ(10) deficiencies show noticeable symptoms in tissues (e.g. kidney) and cell types (e.g. neurons) with a high energy demand. To identify common genetic variants influencing serum CoQ(10) levels, we performed a fixed effects meta-analysis in two independent cross-sectional Northern German cohorts comprising 1300 individuals in total. We identified two genome-wide significant susceptibility loci. The best associated single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) was rs9952641 (P value = 1.31 x 10(-8), beta = 0.063, CI0.95 [0.041, 0.085]) within the COLEC12 gene on chromosome 18. The SNP rs933585 within the NRXN-1 gene on chromosome 2 also showed genome wide significance (P value = 3.64 x 10(-8), beta = -0.034, CI0.95 [-0.046, -0.022]). Both genes have been previously linked to neuronal diseases like Alzheimer's disease, autism and schizophrenia. Among our 'top-10' associated variants, four additional loci with known neuronal connections showed suggestive associations with CoQ(10) levels. In summary, this study demonstrates that serum CoQ(10) levels are associated with common genetic loci that are linked to neuronal diseases.