Piezoelectric Properties of Nd and V co-substituted Bi4Ti3O12 Ceramics for resonator applications

The temperature dependence of piezoelectric properties of Nd and V co-substituted bismuth titanate ceramics, (Bi4-y,Nd-y)(t-(x/12))(Ti3-x,V-x)O-12 [BNTV(x,y) (x=0.01, y=0.75), BNTV(0.01, 0.75)] ceramic was investigated for ceramic resonator applications, focusing on temperature dependences of resonance frequency, TC-f, mechanical quality factors, Q(m), and electrical quality factors, The TC-f of random oriented BNTV(0.01, 0.75) in (33) mode was -77.4 ppm/degrees C, which value is a little large for the practical requirement of ceramic resonator. Effects of grain orientation in BNTV(0.01, 0.75) ceramic on the piezoelectric properties were also studied using the hot-forging (HF) method. The excellent piezoelectric properties of both high Q(m) (similar to 2230) and Q(emax) (similar to 37) were obtained in the HF-BNTV(0.01, 0.75) ceramic. Furthermore, the grain oriented one showed the smaller TC-f value of -59.7 ppm/degrees C. The HF-BNTV(0.01, 0.75) ceramic is considered to be superior candidates for lead-free piezoelectric application of ceramic resonators.