Experimental observation of second-harmonic generation and diffusion inside random media

We have experimentally measured the distribution of the second-harmonic intensity that is generated inside a highly scattering slab of porous gallium phosphide. Two complementary techniques for determining the distribution are used. First, the spatial distribution of second-harmonic light intensity at the side of a cleaved slab has been recorded. Second, the total second-harmonic radiation at each side of the slab has been measured for several samples at various wavelengths. By combining these measurements with a diffusion model for second-harmonic generation that incorporates extrapolated boundary conditions, we present a consistent picture of the distribution of the second-harmonic intensity inside the slab. We find that the ratio l(2w)/L-c of the mean free path at the second-harmonic frequency to the coherence length which was suggested by some earlier calculations, cannot describe the second-harmonic yield in our samples. For describing the total second-harmonic yield, our experiments show that the scattering parameter at the fundamental frequency k(1w)l(1w) is the most relevant parameter in our type of samples. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America