Quantitative analysis of the trajectory of simulated basilar apex aneurysms through the internal carotid artery to assess the need for an orbitozygomatic approach

Background The aim of this study was to identify the correlation between the location of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the need for an orbitozygomatic approach (OZA) when approaching a basilar apex (BX) aneurysm. Materials and methods By imaging the virtual trajectory to access the basilar artery (BA) through the ICA, the correlations among the height of the BX, the height and lateral breadth of the bifurcation of the ICA, and the need for removal of the orbital rim or zygomatic arch were investigated using three-dimensional computed tomography angiography (3DCTA) data of approximately 80 random samples not limited to BX aneurysms. Furthermore, the utility of 3D simulation to determine the need for the OZAwas verified using data from five patients with BX aneurysms. Results The height of the bifurcation of the ICAwas inversely correlated and the height of the BX was positively correlated with the need for the OZA (both p< 0.017). Among patients undergoing surgery, clipping was successfully performed without the OZA in two patients in whom the distance from the simulated skull point on the extended line from the BX through the bifurcation of the ICA was more than 4 cm from the zygoma and orbital rim. Conclusions It is necessary to determine the spatial relationship between the basilar artery and the ICA to decide whether the OZA is needed for surgery. Correlations of the height of the ICA and BX with the need for the OZA were strong individually, though they were significant. Therefore, simulation using 3DCTA appears to be important for planning the surgical approach for the treatment of BX aneurysms.