Modification of rice starch by selective degradation of amylose using alkalophilic Bacillus cyclomaltodextrinase

A cyclomaltodextrinase (CDase) isolated from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. 1-5 (CDase 1-5) exists in a dodecameric form, an assembly of six dimers, each catalytic site of which is located in a narrow groove at the interface of the dimeric unit. Because of the unique geometric shape of the catalytic site, the enzyme has the ability to discriminate the molecular size of substrates. An analysis of the hydrolysis reaction of the enzyme revealed that its k(cat)/K-m value on amylose was 14.6 s(-1)(mg/mL)(-1), whereas that for amylopectin was 0.92 s(-1)(mg/mL)(-1), showing an exceptionally high preference toward amylose. CDase 1-5 was applied to modify the starch structure to produce low-amylose starch products by incubating rice starch with this enzyme. We found that the amylose content of rice starch decreased from 28.5 to 9%, while the amylopectin content remained almost constant with no significant change in the side chain length distribution. When the CDase 1-5-treated rice starch was stored at 4 degrees C for 7 days, the retrogradation rate was significantly retarded as compared to that in the control sample.