World citation and collaboration networks: uncovering the role of geography in science

被引：191

作者：

Pan, Raj Kumar ^{[1
]}

Kaski, Kimmo ^{[1
]}

Fortunato, Santo ^{[1
,2
]}

机构：

[1] Aalto Univ, Sch Sci, Dept Biomed Engn & Computat Sci, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland

[2] ISI, Complex Networks & Syst Lagrange Lab, Turin, Italy

来源：

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS | 2012年 / 2卷

基金：

芬兰科学院;

关键词：

SCIENTIFIC COOPERATION; COMMUNICATION; TEAMS; DIFFUSION; IMPACT;

D O I：

10.1038/srep00902

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Modern information and communication technologies, especially the Internet, have diminished the role of spatial distances and territorial boundaries on the access and transmissibility of information. This has enabled scientists for closer collaboration and internationalization. Nevertheless, geography remains an important factor affecting the dynamics of science. Here we present a systematic analysis of citation and collaboration networks between cities and countries, by assigning papers to the geographic locations of their authors' affiliations. The citation flows as well as the collaboration strengths between cities decrease with the distance between them and follow gravity laws. In addition, the total research impact of a country grows linearly with the amount of national funding for research & development. However, the average impact reveals a peculiar threshold effect: the scientific output of a country may reach an impact larger than the world average only if the country invests more than about 100,000 USD per researcher annually.

引用

页数：7

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