Incidence and Prevalence of Pediatric Noninfectious Uveitis in Korea: A Population-Based Study

Background: Uveitis is less common in children than in adults; however, pediatric uveitis has a relatively severe disease course that affects the quality of life. Although it is important to understand the epidemiological characteristics of pediatric uveitis, few studies have been conducted in large populations without referral bias. This study investigated the nationwide incidence and prevalence of pediatric uveitis in South Korea according to period, age, anatomic type, and systemic associations. Methods: This nationwide population-based cohort study used data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service from 2002 to 2018. This study included patients younger than 19 years of age with noninfectious uveitis with at least three claims of diagnostic codes of uveitis on separate days with at least once claim of prescription codes of steroid and immunosuppressive agents. All the cases were classified as anterior or non-anterior uveitis, and the overall incidence and prevalence were estimated by age, sex, and period. Patients with noninfectious uveitis were categorized by the presence of associated systemic conditions.Results: A total of 10,862,616 patients over 128,688,078 person-years were evaluated from 2005 to 2016. Overall, 5,368 cases of anterior uveitis and 604 cases of non-anterior uveitis were identified. The incidence and prevalence of pediatric noninfectious uveitis were 4.64 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.52-4.76) and 8.25 per 100,000 persons (95% CI, 8.09-8.41). Both the incidence and prevalence of pediatric uveitis increased with age. Anterior uveitis accounted for 84.7% of pediatric noninfectious uveitis prevalent cases (6.99 per 100,000 persons). Cases of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)-associated uveitis accounted for 8.7% (926 cases) of pediatric noninfectious uveitis cases with a prevalence of 0.72 per 100,000 (95% CI, 0.67-0.77). The proportion of systemic associations was higher and JIA-related uveitis accounted for 11.2% (803 cases) of recurrent or chronic noninfectious uveitis cases with a prevalence of 0.62 per 100,000.Conclusion: This is the first population-based study investigating the largest population of pediatric patients with uveitis in Korea. The nationwide incidence and prevalence of pediatric noninfectious uveitis in 2005-2016 were 4.64 per 100,000 person-years and 8.25 per 100,000, respectively. The proportion of JIA in pediatric noninfectious uveitis was 8.7%. These population-based study findings provide a better understanding of the public health burden and aid in the planning of health-care strategies for pediatric patients with uveitis.