Extending the Real Remoteness of Long-Range Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Fiber Analyzers

被引:94
作者
Soto, Marcelo A. [1 ]
Angulo-Vinuesa, Xabier [2 ]
Martin-Lopez, Sonia [3 ]
Chin, Sang-Hoon [4 ]
Diego Ania-Castanon, Juan [2 ]
Corredera, Pedro [2 ]
Rochat, Etienne [4 ]
Gonzalez-Herraez, Miguel [3 ]
Thevenaz, Luc [1 ]
机构
[1] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Opt, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
[2] CSIC, Inst Opt, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
[3] Univ Alcala, Dept Elect, Madrid 28871, Spain
[4] Omnisens SA, CH-1110 Morges, Switzerland
基金
欧洲研究理事会;
关键词
Brillouin scattering; distributed optic fiber sensor; distributed Raman amplification; optical pulse coding; strain and temperature measurements; CODED BOTDA SENSOR; MODULATION; SCATTERING; 1ST-ORDER;
D O I
10.1109/JLT.2013.2292329
中图分类号
TM [电工技术]; TN [电子技术、通信技术];
学科分类号
0808 ; 0809 ;
摘要
The real remoteness of a distributed optical fiber sensor based on Brillouin optical time-domain analysis is considerably extended in this paper using seeded second-order Raman amplification and optical pulse coding. The presented analysis and the experimental results demonstrate that a proper optimization of both methods combined with a well-equalized two-sideband probe wave provide a suitable solution to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of the measurements when an ultra-long sensing fiber is used. In particular, the implemented system is based on an extended optical fiber length, in which half of the fiber is used for sensing purposes, and the other half is used to carry the optical signals to the most distant sensing point, providing also a long fiber for distributed Raman amplification. Power levels of all signals launched into the fiber are properly optimized in order to avoid nonlinear effects, pump depletion, and especially any power imbalance between the two sidebands of the probe wave. This last issue turns out to be extremely important in ultra-long Brillouin sensing to provide strong robustness of the system against pump depletion. This way, by employing a 240 km-long optical fiber-loop, sensing from the interrogation unit up to a 120 km remote position (i.e., corresponding to the real sensing distance away from the sensor unit) is experimentally demonstrated with a spatial resolution of 5 m. Furthermore, this implementation requires no powered element in the whole 240 km fiber loop, providing considerable advantages in situations where the sensing cable crosses large unmanned areas.
引用
收藏
页码:152 / 162
页数:11
相关论文
共 23 条
[1]   Raman-Assisted Brillouin Distributed Temperature Sensor Over 100 km Featuring 2 m Resolution and 1.2°C Uncertainty [J].
Angulo-Vinuesa, Xabier ;
Martin-Lopez, Sonia ;
Nuno, Javier ;
Corredera, Pedro ;
Diego Ania-Castanon, Juan ;
Thevenaz, Luc ;
Gonzalez-Herraez, Miguel .
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, 2012, 30 (08) :1060-1065
[2]   Distributed Temperature Sensing System Based on Rayleigh Scattering BOTDA [J].
Cui, Qingsong ;
Pamukcu, Sibel ;
Lin, Aoxiang ;
Xiao, Wen ;
Herr, Douglas ;
Toulouse, Jean ;
Pervizpour, Mesut .
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, 2011, 11 (02) :399-403
[3]   Extending the Sensing Range of Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analysis Combining Frequency-Division Multiplexing and In-Line EDFAs [J].
Dong, Yongkang ;
Chen, Liang ;
Bao, Xiaoyi .
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, 2012, 30 (08) :1161-1167
[4]   Bidirectional higher order cascaded Raman amplification benefits for 10-Gb/s WDM unrepeated transmission systems [J].
Faralli, S ;
Bolognini, G ;
Sacchi, G ;
Sugliani, S ;
Di Pasquale, F .
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, 2005, 23 (08) :2427-2433
[5]   Unrepeated WDM transmission systems based on advanced first-order and higher order raman-copumping technologies [J].
Faralli, Stefano ;
Bolognini, Gabriele ;
Andrade, Maria Adelaide ;
Di Pasquale, Fabrizio .
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, 2007, 25 (11) :3519-3527
[6]   Pump to signal RIN transfer in Raman fiber amplifiers [J].
Fludger, CRS ;
Handerek, V ;
Mears, RJ .
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, 2001, 19 (08) :1140-1148
[7]   Detrimental effect of self-phase modulation on the performance of Brillouin distributed fiber sensors [J].
Foaleng, Stella M. ;
Rodriguez-Barrios, Felix ;
Martin-Lopez, Sonia ;
Gonzalez-Herraez, Miguel ;
Thevenaz, Luc .
OPTICS LETTERS, 2011, 36 (02) :97-99
[8]   DEVELOPMENT OF A DISTRIBUTED SENSING TECHNIQUE USING BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING [J].
HORIGUCHI, T ;
SHIMIZU, K ;
KURASHIMA, T ;
TATEDA, M ;
KOYAMADA, Y .
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, 1995, 13 (07) :1296-1302
[9]   A TECHNIQUE TO MEASURE DISTRIBUTED STRAIN IN OPTICAL FIBERS [J].
HORIGUCHI, T ;
KURASHIMA, T ;
TATEDA, M .
IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, 1990, 2 (05) :352-354
[10]   Experimental Demonstration on 2.5-m Spatial Resolution and 1°C Temperature Uncertainty Over Long-Distance BOTDA With Combined Raman Amplification and Optical Pulse Coding [J].
Jia, Xin-Hong ;
Rao, Yun-Jiang ;
Deng, Kun ;
Yang, Zi-Xin ;
Chang, Liang ;
Zhang, Chao ;
Ran, Zeng-Ling .
IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, 2011, 23 (07) :435-437