AGC of Multi-area ST - Thermal - Hydro System Incorporating Redox Flow Batteries

In present article, the impact of redox flow batteries (RFB) in suppressing the oscillations of three unequal area system including solar thermal system in area1 is presented. Various classical controllers namely integral (I), proportional-integral (PI) and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) are applied as supplementary controllers independently. The nature inspired optimization method named moth-flame optimization (MFO) technique is applied to optimize the various parameters of I, PI and PID controllers. Studies explores that PID controller provides improved dynamic responses than others in settling time and cost function value. Simulation analysis reveals the effectiveness of MFO over genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization techniques. Further, it is seen that PID controller in presence of RFB units effectively minimizes the oscillations against both step load and random perturbations. Sensitivity analysis shows that PID controller parameters found at nominal conditions are insensitive to wide changes in governor and turbine time constants of thermal units.