Influence of electrolyte temperature on pure titanium modified by electrochemical treatment for implant

This study examined the effect of electrolyte temperature on the surface characteristics of anodized pure titanium in DL-alpha-glycerophosphate (DL-alpha-GP) and calcium acetate (CA). The anodic oxide films contained a large proportion of anatase with some rutile. The relative intensity of the anatase peaks and the surface roughness increased with increasing electrolyte temperature. As the electrolyte temperature was increased, the pore size increased to 1-4 mu m, and the apatite crystals became coarser and denser. The amount of calcium and phosphate adsorbed increased with increasing electrolyte temperature. The anodizing voltage reached the onset of constant voltage mode faster with decreasing electrolyte temperature. A highervoltage is essential for the electrolyte at lower temperature to reach the constant voltage mode during this initial period. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.