Additive Effects of 5-HTTLPR (Serotonin Transporter) and Tryptophan Hydroxylase 2 G-703T Gene Polymorphisms on the Clinical Response to Citalopram among Children and Adolescents with Depression and Anxiety Disorders

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between polymorphisms in two serotonin pathway genes and the clinical response to citalopram among children and adolescents with depression and/or anxiety disorders. Methods: Eighty-three children and adolescents with depression and/or anxiety disorders were treated with citalopram for 8 weeks. We assessed the association between the response to citalopram and polymorphisms in the tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2) and the serotonin transporter gene. The polymorphisms included single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the transcriptional control region (G-703T) of the TPH2 gene and the serotonin transporter gene-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR). Results: Fifty patients of the 83 (60.2%) achieved satisfactory response (Clinical Global Impressions - Improvement <= 2). We observed an additive effect of the two genes on the clinical response to citalopram. Patients carrying the combination of TPH2 - 703G and the 5-HTTLPR L alleles were the most likely to respond (80%). In contrast, patients carrying the combination of TPH2 - 703T and the 5-HTTLPR S alleles were least likely to respond (31%). The other patients (with - 703G/5-HTTLPR S and - 703T/5-HTTLPR L alleles) showed intermediate response (67%). Conclusions: This finding suggests that 5-HTTLPR and TPH2 genes may act in concert to modulate the clinical response to citalopram among children and adolescents with depression and/or anxiety disorders.