Role of the normal gut microbiota

被引:1944
作者
Jandhyala, Sai Manasa [1 ]
Talukdar, Rupjyoti [1 ,2 ]
Subramanyam, Chivkula [1 ]
Vuyyuru, Harish [1 ]
Sasikala, Mitnala [1 ]
Reddy, D. Nageshwar [2 ]
机构
[1] Asian Healthcare Fdn, Asian Inst Gastroenterol, Dept Gastroenterol, Hyderabad 500082, Andhra Pradesh, India
[2] Asian Inst Gastroenterol, Hyderabad 500082, Andhra Pradesh, India
关键词
Normal gut microbiota; Bioinformatics; Health; Immunomodulation; Metabolic function; INNATE LYMPHOID-CELLS; CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA; DENDRITIC CELLS; SPATIAL-ORGANIZATION; COMMENSAL BACTERIA; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; LINOLEIC-ACID; MUCUS LAYERS; LACTIC-ACID;
D O I
10.3748/wjg.v21.i29.8787
中图分类号
R57 [消化系及腹部疾病];
学科分类号
摘要
Relation between the gut microbiota and human health is being increasingly recognised. It is now well established that a healthy gut flora is largely responsible for overall health of the host. The normal human gut microbiota comprises of two major phyla, namely Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Though the gut microbiota in an infant appears haphazard, it starts resembling the adult flora by the age of 3 years. Nevertheless, there exist temporal and spatial variations in the microbial distribution from esophagus to the rectum all along the individual's life span. Developments in genome sequencing technologies and bioinformatics have now enabled scientists to study these microorganisms and their function and microbe-host interactions in an elaborate manner both in health and disease. The normal gut microbiota imparts specific function in host nutrient metabolism, xenobiotic and drug metabolism, maintenance of structural integrity of the gut mucosal barrier, immunomodulation, and protection against pathogens. Several factors play a role in shaping the normal gut microbiota. They include (1) the mode of delivery (vaginal or caesarean); (2) diet during infancy (breast milk or formula feeds) and adulthood (vegan based or meat based); and (3) use of antibiotics or antibiotic like molecules that are derived from the environment or the gut commensal community. A major concern of antibiotic use is the long-term alteration of the normal healthy gut microbiota and horizontal transfer of resistance genes that could result in reservoir of organisms with a multidrug resistant gene pool.
引用
收藏
页码:8787 / 8803
页数:17
相关论文
共 158 条
[1]   Distal gut microbiota of adolescent children is different from that of adults [J].
Agans, Richard ;
Rigsbee, Laura ;
Kenche, Harshavardhan ;
Michail, Sonia ;
Khamis, Harry J. ;
Paliy, Oleg .
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY, 2011, 77 (02) :404-412
[2]   Lactic acid permeabilizes gram-negative bacteria by disrupting the outer membrane [J].
Alakomi, HL ;
Skyttä, E ;
Saarela, M ;
Mattila-Sandholm, T ;
Latva-Kala, K ;
Helander, IM .
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, 2000, 66 (05) :2001-2005
[3]   DIFFERENTIAL CELL-KINETICS IN THE ILEUM AND COLON OF GERM-FREE RATS [J].
ALAM, M ;
MIDTVEDT, T ;
URIBE, A .
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY, 1994, 29 (05) :445-451
[4]   Diet and the Intestinal Microbiome: Associations, Functions, and Implications for Health and Disease [J].
Albenberg, Lindsey G. ;
Wu, Gary D. .
GASTROENTEROLOGY, 2014, 146 (06) :1564-1572
[5]   Comparative Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota by Barcoded Pyrosequencing [J].
Andersson, Anders F. ;
Lindberg, Mathilda ;
Jakobsson, Hedvig ;
Backhed, Fredrik ;
Nyren, Pal ;
Engstrand, Lars .
PLOS ONE, 2008, 3 (07)
[6]   Metabolites produced by commensal bacteria promote peripheral regulatory T-cell generation [J].
Arpaia, Nicholas ;
Campbell, Clarissa ;
Fan, Xiying ;
Dikiy, Stanislav ;
van der Veeken, Joris ;
deRoos, Paul ;
Liu, Hui ;
Cross, Justin R. ;
Pfeffer, Klaus ;
Coffer, Paul J. ;
Rudensky, Alexander Y. .
NATURE, 2013, 504 (7480) :451-+
[7]   RELMβ/FIZZ2 is a goblet cell-specific immune-effector molecule in the gastrointestinal tract [J].
Artis, D ;
Mei, LW ;
Keilbaugh, SA ;
He, WM ;
Brenes, M ;
Swain, GP ;
Knight, PA ;
Donaldson, DD ;
Lazar, MA ;
Miller, HRP ;
Schad, GA ;
Scott, P ;
Wu, GD .
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2004, 101 (37) :13596-13600
[8]   Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome [J].
Arumugam, Manimozhiyan ;
Raes, Jeroen ;
Pelletier, Eric ;
Le Paslier, Denis ;
Yamada, Takuji ;
Mende, Daniel R. ;
Fernandes, Gabriel R. ;
Tap, Julien ;
Bruls, Thomas ;
Batto, Jean-Michel ;
Bertalan, Marcelo ;
Borruel, Natalia ;
Casellas, Francesc ;
Fernandez, Leyden ;
Gautier, Laurent ;
Hansen, Torben ;
Hattori, Masahira ;
Hayashi, Tetsuya ;
Kleerebezem, Michiel ;
Kurokawa, Ken ;
Leclerc, Marion ;
Levenez, Florence ;
Manichanh, Chaysavanh ;
Nielsen, H. Bjorn ;
Nielsen, Trine ;
Pons, Nicolas ;
Poulain, Julie ;
Qin, Junjie ;
Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas ;
Tims, Sebastian ;
Torrents, David ;
Ugarte, Edgardo ;
Zoetendal, Erwin G. ;
Wang, Jun ;
Guarner, Francisco ;
Pedersen, Oluf ;
de Vos, Willem M. ;
Brunak, Soren ;
Dore, Joel ;
Weissenbach, Jean ;
Ehrlich, S. Dusko ;
Bork, Peer .
NATURE, 2011, 473 (7346) :174-180
[9]   Defining a Healthy Human Gut Microbiome: Current Concepts, Future Directions, and Clinical Applications [J].
Backhed, Fredrik ;
Fraser, Claire M. ;
Ringel, Yehuda ;
Sanders, Mary Ellen ;
Sartor, R. Balfour ;
Sherman, Philip M. ;
Versalovic, James ;
Young, Vincent ;
Finlay, B. Brett .
CELL HOST & MICROBE, 2012, 12 (05) :611-622
[10]   Increased enterocyte production in gnotobiotic rats mono-associated with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG [J].
Banasaz, M ;
Norin, E ;
Holma, R ;
Midtvedt, T .
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, 2002, 68 (06) :3031-3034