Ethanol consumption impairs the hemodynamic response to hemorrhagic shock in rats

Alcohol intoxication can exacerbate hemodynamic instability following hemorrhagic shock. Impairment of hormonal, neurohumoral, and immune responses can contribute to such instability; however, the relationship between blood alcohol levels and the progression of hemorrhagic shock accompanied with these responses has not been clearly demonstrated. Herein, we examined this relationship in rats treated with various dose of alcohol. After oral administration of alcohol and then hemorrhage, the recovery of mean blood pressure (MBP); increase in plasma level of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and vasopressin; and survival interval decreased in a dose-dependent manner as the blood alcohol level increased. There were no significant differences in the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1 beta among the groups. The present results demonstrated alcohol aggravates hemorrhagic shock in a dose-dependent manner not by alerting the immune response, but by suppressing hormonal and neurohumoral responses, thereby inhibiting hemodynamic autoregulation and shortening the survival interval. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.