Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Patients With a History of Kawasaki Disease

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute pediatric vasculitis with coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) as its main complication. Concerns have been raised regarding the possibility of a predisposition of KD to premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk later in life. Our aim was to assess carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), as a surrogate marker of CVD risk, in patients with a history of KD compared with unaffected controls. Methods and Results: B-mode ultrasound cIMT measurements were performed in 168 patients with a history of KD, and 82 controls; 7 patients were excluded because of incomplete cIMT assessments. Mean cIMT (+/-SD) was increased in patients with KD compared with controls (0.378+/-0.030 mm vs. 0.360+/-0.027 mm, respectively; P adjusted <0.0001). If the cIMTs of CAA-negative patients and controls were plotted against age, increased cIMT was only apparent at young age. In patients with CAA, increased cIMT was observed over the entire age range. Conclusions: Our findings show that arterial wall thickening is more apparent in patients with a history of KD as compared with controls. In CAA-negative patients, cIMT is indistinguishable from controls at older age, whereas an increased cIMT is observed at any age in patients with CAA, suggesting a more general and severe effect of KD on the arterial wall.