ZOMBIE VORTEX INSTABILITY. I. A PURELY HYDRODYNAMIC INSTABILITY TO RESURRECT THE DEAD ZONES OF PROTOPLANETARY DISKS

被引:97
|
作者
Marcus, Philip S. [1 ]
Pei, Suyang [1 ]
Jiang, Chung-Hsiang [1 ]
Barranco, Joseph A. [2 ]
Hassanzadeh, Pedram [3 ,4 ]
Lecoanet, Daniel [5 ]
机构
[1] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[2] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA
[3] Harvard Univ, Ctr Environm, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
[4] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
[5] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
来源
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL | 2015年 / 808卷 / 01期
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
accretion; accretion disks; hydrodynamics; instabilities; protoplanetary disks; turbulence; waves; ROSSBY-WAVE INSTABILITY; ROTATING SPHERICAL-SHELL; WEAKLY MAGNETIZED DISKS; BAROCLINIC VORTICITY PRODUCTION; KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITY; LOCAL SHEAR INSTABILITY; SOUND-PROOF TREATMENTS; THIN ACCRETION DISKS; COMPRESSIBLE CONVECTION; PROTOSTELLAR DISKS;
D O I
10.1088/0004-637X/808/1/87
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
There is considerable interest in hydrodynamic instabilities in dead zones of protoplanetary disks as a mechanism for driving angular momentum transport and as a source of particle-trapping vortices to mix chondrules and incubate planetesimal formation. We present simulations with a pseudo-spectral anelastic code and with the compressible code Athena, showing that stably stratified flows in a shearing, rotating box are violently unstable and produce space-filling, sustained turbulence dominated by large vortices with Rossby numbers of order similar to 0.2-0.3. This Zombie Vortex Instability (ZVI) is observed in both codes and is triggered by Kolmogorov turbulence with Mach numbers less than similar to 0.01. It is a common view that if a given constant density flow is stable, then stable vertical stratification should make the flow even more stable. Yet, we show that sufficient vertical stratification can be unstable to ZVI. ZVI is robust and requires no special tuning of boundary conditions, or initial radial entropy or vortensity gradients (though we have studied ZVI only in the limit of infinite cooling time). The resolution of this paradox is that stable stratification allows for a new avenue to instability: baroclinic critical layers. ZVI has not been seen in previous studies of flows in rotating, shearing boxes because those calculations frequently lacked vertical density stratification and/ or sufficient numerical resolution. Although we do not expect appreciable angular momentum transport from ZVI in the small domains in this study, we hypothesize that ZVI in larger domains with compressible equations may lead to angular transport via spiral density waves.
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页数:16
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