University Spin-Offs: A New Framework Integrating Enablers, Stakeholders and Results

University spin-offs with patents (USOPs) are entrepreneurial ventures created by exploiting research results and inventions. USOPs are characterized with a high growth potential and are capable of attracting external investments. To explore the challenges apparent in the creation of USOPs, we reviewed the existing framework to identify key missing elements. Our study proposes a new framework that incorporates Key elements that enhance the creation of USOPs. The new framework focused on the interactions of elements such as national intellectual property regimes, national university assessments, the local entrepreneurship ecosystems where the universities are located, the entrepreneurial orientations and strategies of universities, and stakeholders as independent variables with USOPs as the dependent variable. There is therefore a need for a critical reflection on national and university policies and strategies to enhance the creation of USOPs.