Nano and microstructure of bioglasses: In vitro and in vivo bioactivity properties

Incorporated titanium oxide to bioglasses with novel composition as: 40P2O5- 20Na2O- 10Ca(OH)2-20CaCl2-8.0ZnO- 1.0TiO2 (labeled BGTi) was tested for its antimicrobial activity, anti-proliferative/cytotoxicity against normal and activated splenic cells in vitro, anticancer activity, in vivo immunologic and hypersensitivity responses, in vivo and in vitro cytotoxicity effects and in vitro effects of activated splenic cells on BGTi. These results showed that BGTi had antimicrobial activities against Gram negative and positive bacteria as well as fungi. The prepared bioglasses BGTi had no cytotoxic or proliferative effects on activated splenic cells while showed anti-proliferative/cytotoxicity against normal splenic cells. It was cytotoxic to HepG2 cells. In vivo test demonstrated that BGTi is an inert material which did not stimulate the immune system or caused local reactions. The products of activated splenic cells did not cause any changes in the structure of BGTi also it did not cause any acute cytotoxicity or lysis to RBCs. TiO2 is an inert material which did not cause immune stimulation or hepatic cytotoxicity. BGTi did not affect by lytic products of immune cells hence, it can be considered as a safe and ideal material for implantation inside the body of living organisms. Finally we investigated the structure of the bioglasses BGTi by using Raman spectra.