Long-Term Spatiotemporal Variability of Whitings in Lake Geneva from Multispectral Remote Sensing and Machine Learning

被引:2
作者
Many, Gael [1 ]
Escoffier, Nicolas [1 ]
Ferrari, Michele [1 ]
Jacquet, Philippe [2 ]
Odermatt, Daniel [3 ]
Mariethoz, Gregoire [1 ]
Perolo, Pascal [1 ]
Perga, Marie-Elodie [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Lausanne, Inst Earth Surface Dynam, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
[2] Univ Lausanne, Sci Comp & Res Support Unit, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
[3] Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Eawag, Surface Waters Res & Management, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
关键词
whitings; remote sensing; machine learning; climate index; ground data; CALCITE PRECIPITATION; CARBONATE; OSCILLATION; EVOLUTION; EVENTS;
D O I
10.3390/rs14236175
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Whiting events are massive calcite precipitation events turning hardwater lake waters to a milky turquoise color. Herein, we use a multispectral remote sensing approach to describe the spatial and temporal occurrences of whitings in Lake Geneva from 2013 to 2021. Landsat-8, Sentinel-2, and Sentinel-3 sensors are combined to derive the AreaBGR index and identify whitings using appropriate filters. 95% of the detected whitings are located in the northeastern part of the lake and occur in a highly reproducible environmental setting. An extended time series of whitings in the last 60 years is reconstructed from a random forest algorithm and analyzed through a Bayesian decomposition for annual and seasonal trends. The annual number of whiting days between 1958 and 2021 does not follow any particular monotonic trend. The inter-annual changes of whiting occurrences significantly correlate to the Western Mediterranean Oscillation Index. Spring whitings have increased since 2000 and significantly follow the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation index. Future climate change in the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean could induce more variable and earlier whiting events in Lake Geneva.
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页数:20
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